n this research paper, we have discussed different types of steering geometry such as Ackerman, anti-ackerman and Davis steering geometry. We have also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of all three types of geometry and implemented the best steering geometry for our four-wheel effic-ycle. We have done three iterations to determine the best Ackerman percentage, critical velocity and steering ratio.

This paper investigates the role of supercapacitor technology in enhancing traction efficiency and reducing infrastructure costs in metro rail systems by replacing conventional track-based electrification. Traditional metro systems rely heavily on continuous electrification through overhead lines or third-rail systems, leading to high capital expenditure, complex infrastructure requirements, and significant energy losses, especially in urban environments with frequent stops. Whereas, the quick charging, adequate regenerative braking, and longevity of supercapictor powered trains enables them preferred choice for local railroad lines.

This paper presents a single Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) model of the combined optimization of both active and reactive power dispatch of an Electric Vehicle Aggregator (EVA). Its methodology integrates a new tri-layered, nested optimization framework that streamlines the process of selecting an optimum timetable of the EVA, checking its feasibility with grid limits at the Distribution System Operator (DSO) tier, and then distributing the ultimate schedule to each EV. The resulting framework results in a multi-level, comprehensive evaluation of the system, which generates economically optimal results of both the EVA and the DSO.

Without air, humanity could not possibly survive. Air quality is negatively affected by continuous changes in almost every area of modern human civilization, posing a threat to sustainable development. By integrating sustainable practices into air quality monitoring and forecasting, we can aim to minimize the generation of risky contaminants and reduce the total environmental footprint of transportation, business, and home approaches.